Subtracts a documented blank absorbance from a sample absorbance.

Performs an ordinary least-squares linear regression on five standards and estimates an unknown concentration from absorbance.

Converts electromagnetic wavelength and frequency using the speed of light.

Calculates photon energy from wavelength using E = hc/λ.

Converts wavelength in nanometres to wavenumber in reciprocal centimetres and back.

Calculates mean, sample standard deviation and coefficient of variation from three replicate readings.

Compares an observed absorbance with an expected absorbance and reports percentage deviation.